Hypernatremia

WHAT IS IT?

Hypernatremia refers to elevated levels of serum sodium (> 145 mmol/L).

Excessive sodium can be medical problem that requires treatment (source)
WHAT CAUSES IT?

Generally speaking a loss of free water (fluid not containing sodium) is responsible for hypernatremia however in rare instances increased sodium intake can also be responsible:

  • GI losses of water: diarrhea, emesis
  • Renal losses of water: diuretic usage, diabetes insipidus
WHAT IS THE INTIAL PRESENTATION FOR THIS CONDITION?
Patient Complaints (Chief Complaints):
  • Can be asymptomatic in some cases (especially if chronic)
  • Lethargy and weakness can be present
  • Seizures can occur if abnormality severe enough
  • Increased thirst in some cases
  • Increased urinary frequency/volume if patient is losing fluid through the kidneys
  • Vomiting and/or diarrhea 

Detection On Medical Studies:

  • Lab value can be detected on a BMP/CMP
  • Evaluation of urine output can reveal oliguria
CLINICAL WORKUP: SERUM STUDIES

 

WHAT IS OUR THRESHOLD FOR DIAGNOSIS?

 

HOW DO WE MANAGE A PATIENT WITH THIS DIAGNOSIS?

The treatment of hypernatremia is elaborated upon more below:

ARCHIVE OF STANDARDIZED EXAM QUESTIONS 

This archive compiles standardized exam questions that relate to this topic.

 

Page Updated: 01.29.2017