Malaria (Plasmodium Species)

WHAT IS IT?

Malaria is a infectious condition that affects red blood cells.

WHAT CAUSES IT?

Parasites belonging to the Plasmodium genus are responsible for this condition (Plasmodium falciparum, P vivax, P ovale, P malaria). These parasites are carried by the Anopheles mosquito and infect the host during a mosquito bite.

WHY IS IT CONCERNING MEDICALLY?

These Plasmodium parasites will infect the red blood cells of the host and divide within the cell until it bursts/is destroyed.

Source
Source
WHAT IS THE INTIAL PRESENTATION?

Patient Chief Complaints:

  • Fever: Periodic febrile paroxysms
  • Nonspecific symptoms: malaise, headache, nausea, vomiting, abodminla pain, diarrhea, myalgia, pallor, jaundice, petechiae

Detected Medical Problems:

 

WHAT ARE IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF THE MEDICAL HISTORY?

Risk Factors:

  • Travel to endemic areas: 

Medical History:

  • Cyclic pattern of symptoms: the textbook presentation of malaria is marked by a cyclic pattern of chills, fever, and sweating
WHAT ARE IMPORTANT FEATURES OF THE PHYSICAL EXAM?

Vital Signs:

  • Fever often is present

Abdominal exam:

  • Hepatosplenomegaly can be detected.
CLINICAL WORKUP: SERUM STUDIES

 

CLINICAL WORKUP: IMAGING

 

CLINICAL WORKUP: OTHER

Thick and think peripheral blood smears 

HOW DO WE NARROW THE DIFFERENTIAL?

Conditions that present similarly and how to exclude them:

 

WHAT IS OUR THRESHOLD FOR DIAGNOSING THIS CONDITION?

 

PATIENT MANAGMENT: SYMPTOM RELEIF

 

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: DISEASE TREATMENT

Antimalarial drugs

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: PROPHYLACTIC MEASURES

Insecticide treated nets

Insecticide/mosquito repellent usage

COULD THIS HAVE BEEN PREVENTED?

 

ARCHIVE OF STANDARDIZED EXAM QUESTIONS 

This archive compiles standardized exam questions that relate to this topic.

 

Page Updated: 04.26.2017