Hydatidiform Mole (Molar Pregnancy)

WHAT IS IT?

A hydatidiform mole (molar pregnancy) is a abnormal (but noncancerous) trophoblastic growth in the uterus that develops as a result of a non-viable pregnancy.

One example of a molar pregnancy (source)
One example of a molar pregnancy (source)

There are 2 amor types of molar pregnancy:

Complete molar pregnancy: 

  • Usually diploid
  • No fetus, amnion, or fetal red blood cells

Partial molar pregnancy: 

  • Usually triploid
  • Fetus is often present with amnion and red blood cells
WHAT CAUSES IT?

An error in fertilization ultimately is the cause of this condition. This can inlcude:

  • Fertilization of a nuclear ovum
  • Normal ovum fertilized by 2 spermatozoa
WHY IS IT A PROBLEM?

 

WHAT MAKES US SUSPECT IT?

Risk factors

Young (<20 years old) or old (> 40 years old) maternal age

Initial Presentation

Chief Complaints:

  • Vaginal bleeding
  • Passage of molar vesicles

History Of Present Illness

 

Physical Exam Findings

 

CLINICAL WORKUP

Elevated hCG levels are characteristic of this condition.

Ultrasound can show different findings based upon the type of molar pregnancy.

  • “Snowstorm” patter of echogenic material common
AT WHAT POINT DO WE FEEL CONFIDENT IN MAKING THE DIAGNOSIS?

 

WHAT ELSE ARE WE WORRIED ABOUT?

 

HOW DO WE TREAT IT? 

Suction dilation and curettage is the preferred treatment for this condition.

HOW WELL DO THE PATIENTS DO?

 

WAS THERE A WAY TO PREVENT IT?

 

ARCHIVE OF STANDARDIZED EXAM QUESTIONS 

This archive compiles standardized exam questions that relate to this topic.

FURTHER READING

DynaMed

UpToDate

 

Page Updated: 09.12.2016