Gastrointestinal System

Normal Processes

Abnormal Processes

Infectious, immunologic, and inflammatory disorders

Bacterial

Pseudomembranous colitis (Clostridium difficile), Vibrio cholerae (Cholera), Salmonella infection, typhoid fever (Salmonella typhi) Shigellosis, Whipple disease 

spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

Viral

hepatitis A infection, hepatits B infection, hepatitis C infection, rotavirus enteritis, mumps

Parasitic

Giardiasis (Giardia lamblia), amebiasis (Entamoeba histolytica), strongyloidiasis (Strongyloides stercoralis)

Immunologic and inflammatory disorders

celiac disease, Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis, toxic megacolon

Neoplasms

Malignant neoplasms and pre-malignant conditions

Barrett esophagus, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, Carcinoid syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis (Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Gardner syndrome, Turcot syndrome), hepatocellular carcinoma,

Signs, symptoms, and ill-defined disorders

constipation

Disorders of the oral cavity, salivary glands, and esophagus

Esophagus

Achalasia, Zenker diverticulum, esophagitis/esophageal reflux (GERD), esophageal perforation

Disorders of the stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, anus

Stomach

Gastric volvulus

Small intestine, colon

appendicitis, diverticulitis, peptic ulcer, Hirschsprung disease, small bowel obstruction, intussusception in children, ischemic colitis (ischemic bowel), necrotizing enterocolitis, sigmoid volvulus

meconium ileus, duodenal atresia, duodenal hematoma

Rectum and anus

anal fissure, anal fistula, internal hemorrhoids, external hemorrhoids

Disorders of the liver and biliary system, noninfectious

Liver

Dubin-Johnson syndrome, Gilbert syndrome, hepatorenal syndrome, portal hypertension

Biliary system 

cholestasis, ascending cholangitis, choledocholithiasis, cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis/cholecystitis, Mirizzi syndrome, gallstone ileus, primary biliary cirrhosis (primary biliary cholangitis), primary sclerosing cholangitis

acalculous cholecystitis

Disorders of the pancreas

Acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic pseudocyst

VIPoma

Disorders of the peritoneal cavity

Ascites

Traumatic and mechanical disorders

Indirect inguinal hernia, direct inguinal hernia

Congenital disorders

 biliary atresia, congenital gut malrotation, Meckel diverticulum, pyloric stenosis