Renal & Urinary System

Normal processes

Abnormal processes

Infectious, immunologic, and inflammatory disorders

Infectious disorders

Upper urinary tract

pyelonephritis,

Lower urinary tract

Interstitial cystitis, chlamydia

Immunologic and inflammatory disorders

Glomerular disorders

Alport syndrome, rapidly progressive (RPGN)/crescentic glomerulonephritis (Goodpasture syndrome), acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy (Berger disease), lupus nephritis, minimal change disease, nephrotic syndrome, focal segmental glomerulonephritis (FSGS)

Tubular interstitial disease

Acute tubular necrosis (ATN), acute interstitial nephritis, renal papillary necrosis 

Neoplasms

Benign neoplasms and cysts

Wilms tumor/nephroblastoma, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD),

Malignant neoplasms

renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer,

Metabolic and regulatory disorders

cystinuria, Fanconi syndrome, nephrolithiasis, renal tubular acidosis

Vascular disorders

Renal artery stenosis, fibromuscular dysplasia 

Traumatic and mechanical disorders

posterior urethral valves, stress urinary incontinence, enuresis, vesicoureteral reflux,

Congenital disorders

hydronephrosis,

Adverse effects of drugs on the renal and urinary system

lithium toxicity